![]() PSM model assumes the same t 1/2 dependence for sufficiently young ocean floor. The simple cooling model predicts a linear relation between seafloor depth and t 1/2 and heat flow and 1/t 1/2, where t is the age of the ocean floor. Parsons and Sclater 20 developed a model (PSM) involving a 125-km-thick plate with a basal temperature of 1350 ☌ to fit the observed data. These three types describe the general trend of the heat-flow curve. One model assumes that the lithosphere behaves as the cold upper boundary layer of a cooling half-space, known as Half Space cooling Model (HSM) 18, the second model represents the lithosphere as a cooling plate with an isothermal lower boundary 6, 19, 20 and the third model involves a constant flow applied on the bottom lithospheric isotherm 21, 22. Three types of deterministic conductive models and their adaptations have been developed based on flow conduction dynamics and treatment of the lithosphere as a plate with regular boundary conditions. Several mathematical models have been developed for predicting spatial and temporal variations in heat flow with age and sea-floor depth. Several possible cascade processes have been discussed to interpret the generation and evolution of heat flow, including mantle convection 10, heat conduction 11, circulation 12, heat released during exothermal serpentinisation reactions 13, heat sources in plumes and magmatic eruptions 14, 15, dike injection 16 and earthquake swarms 17. Gravity and crustal thickness have been used to constrain thermal contraction models, but the variation of heat flow and see-floor depth with age or distance became the primary constraint on models of the thermal structure and evolution of the oceanic lithosphere 8, 9. The heat flow decreases with distance from mid-ocean ridges 5, 6, 7. ![]() High-temperature axial hydrothermal systems, including black smokers in oceanic spreading centres and back-arc basins have attracted much attention from researchers 1, 2, 3, 4. Hydrothermal systems at mid-ocean ridges involve complex cascade systems of heat transfer from the Earth’s interior to the ocean. This raises a fundamental question about the existence of a “sealing” age and accordingly the hydrothermal flux estimation based on the cooling models. Furthermore, the heat flow model does not exhibit special characteristics around any particular age of lithosphere. This model significantly improves the results for prediction of heat flow that were obtained using the PSM, GDH1 and CHABLIS models. This new model provides a modified solution to fit the observed heat flow data used in other models in the literature throughout the age range. We can modify the cooling models by substituting the ordinary mass density of lithosphere by fractal density with singularity. younger than 55 Myr) influenced by local hydrothermal circulation has been used to estimate hydrothermal heat flux and investigate hydrothermal processes. The discrepancy between the predicted and measured heat flow in the younger lithosphere (i.e. Several plate models, including the Parsons and Sclater (PSM) model, Global Depth and Heat (GDH1) model and Constant Heat flow Applied on the Bottom Lithospheric Isotherm (CHABLIS) model, have been used to predict heat flow in the ocean lithosphere. Peak heat flow occurs at mid-ocean ridges and decreases with the age of the oceanic lithosphere.
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Step 4: Apply glue along one side of one of the heart shapes.Step 3: Unfold the heart shape and repeat steps 2-3 to the rest of the heart shapes.Step 2: Take one of the heart shapes and fold it in half vertically. ![]() We have prepared a lot of free heart templates here for you. ![]()
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IBD Beauty and EZ Flow reserve the right to modify or cancel this promotion at any time without notice. Merchandise purchased online is not returnable in any of our retail or specialty store partners. Cannot be combined with some coupons and offers. Valid only on IBD Beauty and EZ Flow products. "BOGO 50% OFF Gels & Lacquers" offer valid online only on and through 11:59 P.M. And that is the way that industrial change happens. "When you think about cars replacing horse-drawn carts, something comes along that is just better. "When you think about landline phones going to mobile. "And that is generally how industrial transformations happen," he said. "It is important, essentially, for the new low-carbon alternatives to be cheaper and better than the high-carbon existing technologies. "I think that's very largely true that … certainly on a global scale," said Ed Crooks, vice-chair of the global energy consultancy Wood Mackenzie. Perhaps for this reason, there was another view that was taking ever clearer shape on the ground in Dubai this past fortnight.Īnd it pretty much boiled down to this: rather than wait for governments to agree to phase out fossil fuels, renewable energy needed to make them redundant. Given that context, hopes by many countries, including most of Australia's Pacific Island neighbours, for a dramatic deal to phase out fossil fuels face perpetual frustration. Saudis and Emiratis often live in palatial homes and when they do venture out, can spend their time in equally grand shopping malls and office towers.īetween their cars, their homes and their places of work and leisure, they hardly ever have to leave air-conditioned comfort. Gleaming cities with highways half a mile wide – and cars almost as big to match – spring out of the desert landscape. Today they are some of the wealthiest countries per capita in the region. Windfalls from oil sales have made UAE and Saudi Arabia richīarely half a century ago, the economies of both countries were relatively non-existent, consisting almost entirely of subsistence agriculture and camel, sheep and goat herding. Often, it can be much, much more than that. Reportedly, the cost of getting that oil out of the ground in Saudi Arabia is as little as $US5 a barrel.īy contrast, that barrel of oil can be sold on the world market today for about $US70 a barrel. The amount of oil sitting under the sands of the Middle East is mind-blowing and the jewel in the crown is without doubt Saudi Arabia. One is that countries will almost invariably act in their own interests, no matter the pressure from peers on the world stage.Īcclaimed energy writer Daniel Yergin has chronicled how the oil reserves of the Middle East, once fully understood by the US and its Western allies in the middle of the 20th century, were described as the "biggest prize in all history". The episode serves to highlight a couple of underlying truths in the global warming debate. The likes of Saudi Arabia and Russia, whose economies rise and fall on the strength of export prices for fossil fuels, chose not to kneecap themselves. While many hailed it as a huge step forward, it was also met with objections including from small island nations like Samoa who told the conference "It seems that you just gavelled the decisions when the small island states weren't in the room." In the end, the final deal was passed with "historic" references to "transition away from fossil fuels", a pledge to triple renewable energy and a commitment to stop adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere by mid-century. So if the UAE couldn't get the other petro-states over the line, who could? Sultan Al Jaber, the COP28 president who is also the boss of the UAE's oil champion ADNOC, (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company) was pushing for a deal that landed the "most ambitious language" on fossil fuels. ![]() Oil accounts for about half of Emirati economyĪcross the border in Saudi Arabia – the world's biggest oil exporter in 2023 – the fossil fuel is responsible for almost two-thirds of government revenue. There was chatter that a landmark deal to phase out fossil fuels - which is an umbrella term for coal, oil and gas - to stop the world from boiling itself, might just happen.ĬOP28 – the 28 th Conference of Parties where nearly 200 countries gather annually to try to mitigate climate change – was after all being hosted by the United Arab Emirates (UAE), a nation that is almost the embodiment of the petro-state. For a few brief moments late in the piece at COP28, it seemed the improbable would happen. Hence, this program can help most of the users solve data loss problems on Macs with T2/M1 chips. Engineers of Recoverit have tested different data recovery tools, and draw the conclusion that Recoverit 10.0 owns the highest scanning and recovery rate regarding the T2 and M1 chips. Though facing big challenges, Wondershare Recoverit has managed to conquer the Apple T2 and M1 Security Chips. Update #2: Newly Support Apple T2/M1 Security Chip Now let's move on to understanding the awesome features that have been updated in this program. With a totally new interface, Recoverit 10.0 will for sure facilitate you more in the process of data recovery. It's also separated from the "Advanced Recovery" tab in Recoverit 9.0, aiming to provide you with an easier and more convenient interaction experience, by which you can quickly find this matching tab when you need to repair videos.īy using "Corrupted Video Repair" in Recoverit 10.0, you can repair your damaged videos with a higher success rate compared to Recoverit 9.0. The color of this tab interface is also changed to gradient purple, associated with fixing video problems. More detailed information on Enhanced Recovery will be discussed in the next section. Identify the Camera Brands: Canon,Nikon,Sony,DJI,Fuji,Panasonic, Olympus, Pentax, Leica, etc.Leading technology to merge fragments of large-sized videos into complete ones.Improved data recovery performance to fasten the data recovery process.In summary, the main breakthroughs are as follows: If you are not very familiar with this feature, you can read the tutorial on the screen. ![]() Meanwhile, the new interface newly provides a brief guide to using this feature. Likewise, this tab is also separated from the original tab "Advanced Recovery," with a more professional recovery model and a higher success rate to retrieve your lost large-sized videos. In comparison to the classic blue in Recoverit 9.0, the gradient purple makes the overall style of the "Enhanced Recovery" interface more refreshing and vivid. Similarly, the 3 steps for this tab are just the same as that in Recoverit 9.0, easy, quick, and secure. Like in Recoverit 9.0, it can assist you in solving the problem of computer not being bootable, blue screen of death, and black screen of death. ![]() You can tell that this feature tab was excluded from the original "Advanced Recovery" tab. Also, you can see there's an easy-to-operate 3 steps of this feature presented on the interface, offering you quick access to recover data from crashed computers. This tab has adopted gradient blue as the new interface color, which stands for reliable and safe. You can restore your data from different hard disk drives, external devices, or you can get quick access by selecting files from Recycle Bin (Trash), Desktop, and even a specific folder. ![]() Though the interface changed, the 3-step of using it are still the same. This tab has optimized the interaction for you to find desired data more efficiently. This time, Recoverit 10.0 has adopted a gradient green for the "Hard Drives and Locations" interface, making the whole interface more refreshing.Ĭompared to Recoverit 9.0, version 10.0 has newly combined the former three tabs - "Hard Disk Drives," "External Devices" and "Select a Location" into one tab - " Hard Drives and Locations." You can directly notice the color change in the new version. This time, the new version brings a totally new VIS, and more importantly, the sections in each tab were designed according to different scenarios, through which you can get a quicker and easier entrance to recover your lost data from different storage devices or various scenarios. ![]() Recoverit 10.0 has upgraded its interface for the optimal user experience.
![]() SO HOW DID I FARE? Image via The Creative Library Also hopefully, just hopefully, get impressed enough with the results to continue making exercise a part of my daily routine. My expectation was to lose a couple of inches (and it would be awesome if it could come from my waist and tummy), and continue on my weight loss journey. So yes, I was absolutely clear that I will not be ending the two week program with a flat tummy. That’s not how fitness/fat loss/weight loss works. No one can reverse years of weight gain in two weeks. ![]() Going in, I knew one thing with absolute certainty: I was not going to get a six-pack, or even a flat tummy, from merely two weeks of exercise. ![]() This specific program is focused on abs, and over the course of 14 days, you’re expected to follow the specified schedule of workouts (ranging between 23 minutes to 47 minutes a day) with 2 rest days thrown in between. Since I was at a point where I was willing to try just about anything, I decided to give her shortest program – the Chloe Ting 2 Week Shred – a try. She’s an Australia-based YouTuber with a super popular fitness channel (at the time of writing this post, she has over 11 million subscribers) and she hosts a bunch of free fitness programs with a specified schedule of videos to follow and she (sort of) advises clean eating along with exercise to achieve results. Now, if for whatever reason, you haven’t heard about Chloe Ting – here’s the deal. WHAT IS THIS CHLOE TING 2 WEEK SHRED CHALLENGE? And I was motivated enough to give it a try myself. Somewhere along the way, I discovered Chloe Ting on YouTube, and I could not believe the kind of results people were getting from doing her program. So yes, the weight started to come off, and yes, it was starting to stay off. And I started sticking to intermittent fasting for nearly 16 hours everyday. I continued with the HIIT workouts that I’d been doing, but became way more diligent with my eating habits. After spending an aimless few days, I decided to give this whole let’s-try-to-lose-some-weight thing (or “quarantine glow up”, as the YouTube commenters seem to call it) yet another try. Then in mid-June, I came to my parents’ home in Calcutta. It was mentally exhausting, and frankly, I felt like what was even the point of making any effort. ![]() The overall result of my half-hearted efforts was that I would lose a couple of kilos and gain them back again. Being at home all the time, with ready access to the kitchen, I found myself grazing almost constantly. I started out with doing some home workouts, and I tried going for an evening walk as much as possible, but looking back now, I know I wasn’t really applying myself. This is NOT the part where I tell you that I’ve miraculously lost 20 pounds over the last few months, because I haven’t. I desperately wanted to change my mindset, my body, and suddenly blessed with a few extra hours a day, I decided to give my body the attention and care that it deserves. Not physically, not mentally, not emotionally. When lock down season rolled around in mid-March here in India, I was at my heaviest ever. It’s not like I’ve never tried to do shit about it but like with so many other things in my life, consistently maintaining good eating habits and an exercise routine (which I last talked about here) was something that I’ve failed miserably with. I didn’t need doctors or anyone else to tell me that (which they did, by the way), I already knew. Sensitive topic or not, I’ve always known that this kind of weight gain was not doing my health any wonders. Let’s just say that as the scale has kept inching up and up and up, my sensitivity has increased in pretty much the same proportion. My weight has been a touchy topic for me for many, many years now. Yes, this is a review of the Chloe Ting 2 Week Shred challenge, but in true Shirsha-fashion, you will have to listen to me ramble on with the backstory for a bit. ![]() When he was already a social saint, with a four-edged tongue, every fight was an event that surpassed the towels thrown. In the showcase of fisticuffs, Cassius Clay shines as Muhammad Ali. To start this season, Cristiano signed for Al-Nassr for two and a half seasons for which he could be paid almost 600 million euros. In the case of the Portuguese, after leaving holes in rival goal nets, he opted for a move to Saudi football. The Arab campaign to seduce footballers had not yet appeared on the global scene. There was no footballer at that time who could dream of such an amount. In January 2021 the newspaper 'El Mundo' revealed that Messi had a contract from 2017 with Barcelona for which he would receive 555,237,619 euros for four seasons. ![]() Ruth went down in history, of Coolidge little transcends in the classroom.Ĭristiano GIAN EHRENZELLER EFE The 555 million contractĪfter almost a decade of challenging each other at the top of football, it was logical that Leo Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo would leave their mark on the accounts. In 1927 the Yankees renewed their star for $70,000 a year, an amount that caused a social commotion because it exceeded even the income of the nation's president, Calvin Coolidge. As a precedent for 'Gone with the Wind', the player pronounced his farewell sentence to Boston: "You will never win a title again". In 1920, in a still-controversial trade, Ruth was traded from the Red Sox to the New York Yankees. The baseball player, pitcher and hitter was a star on the field with the Boston Red Sox and a patriarch of vice whether in brothels, street corners or gambling halls. It was also the Big Apple that bit Babe Ruth, 'The Kid', one of the greatest American sporting legends of all time. The New York hook was enough for two years for Pele to relaunch his bank books while becoming a fixture in the court of Mick Jagger, Sinatra, Andy Warhol and company. A Forbes magazine study calculated that that amount would now be equivalent to more than $200 million. He signed for almost $3 million per season, an enormity for the time. In that year, after multiple contacts that even involved the recently deceased Henry Kissinger, one of the most powerful men in the United States, Pele joined the New York Cosmos. In the United States, the ball was almost a UFO. In the 1970s as Pele counted his World Cup trophy room (1958, '62 and '70) his checking accounts were peeling. For the amount the qualification of gigantic soon expired, but the impact was great in American sport. In the midst of a guerrilla war with the Boston Celtics and with a coach propped up with sticks like Paul Westhead, Buss offered Magic Johnson a 25-year contract, from 1984 to 2009, for a million dollars a year. In 1981, owner Jerry Buss, the doctor, among vedettes, confetti and Hollywood stars, was already the senior compadre in and out of the bedrooms of Magic Johnson, a 2.06 point guard, a planetary anomaly with a smile like a commercial. In the Lakers' mansions, other scalpels were operated on. The Dutchman was paid little more than 6 million pesetas at a time when there was a lot of clever people (as now) occupying the offices of sports entities. Levante, who also gave him the rights to their tennis club, and Cruyff soon signed the divorce papers. That caused more than one syncope every week. The problem was that he also wanted a share of the away games. Moreover, in the small print of the papers, Cruyff was entitled to a share of the box office. The club agreed to pay him 40 million pesetas. The Dutchman, after his adventure in the United States where he refused to play on artificial turf, was awaiting a penultimate dance in Spain. The contract of all contracts in the second division was signed by Cruyff in 1981 at Levante. A normal annual Nike sale of such shoes could be 500 million dollars, 25 million of which goes to the man who smokes cigars. For every pair of shoes sold under his name, Jordan would receive 5 percent. In that historic 1984, he signed a sponsorship contract with Nike with a clause that still stands today that seemed like a minor detail. Jon Rahm's spectacular challenge: How many putts does he make out of 20 attempts in one minute? Roberto Ortegaīut Jordan's big basket came off the court. ![]()
![]() Promeo is a time-saving video editing app that allows you to create promotional content on social media in 3 steps. Royalty-free music, stock photos and videos, stickers, and fonts included.Ready-to-use fully customizable templates.The smoothening tool offers a range of editing intensities, allowing you to choose the level of perfection you desire. Perfecting your skin is a breeze with Vivid Cut. With intuitive tools, you can add inches to your height, slim down from head to toe, or focus on creating that coveted hourglass figure by zeroing in on your waist. And it doesn't stop at the face it extends its transformative capabilities to your body as well. Vivid Cut's face reshape feature empowers you to target specific areas of your face for adjustment. With these tools at your disposal, maintaining a flattering visage in your videos becomes second nature. Vivid Cut is your gateway to crafting captivating, professional-quality videos with unparalleled ease and precision.Īt the heart of Vivid Cut's allure lies its Face and Body Reshape tools, designed to elevate your appearance effortlessly. This remarkable app is readily available for free download on the App Store, and it redefines the way you approach video editing. In the realm of video editing, Vivid Cut rises above the rest as the paramount choice for both beginners and professionals alike. How To Make Instagram Reels with the Best Apps for iPhone & Android.10 Best Video Editing Apps for Appealing YouTube Shorts.10 Best Free Green Screen Apps for iPhone & Android.6 Best Free Voice Changer Apps for iPhone & Android. ![]()
He says that the Indian Army has come up with a comprehensively developed “Cold Start,” Doctrine to make its offensive capabilities more aggressive, while the Pakistani response has been to emphasize the development of so called “theater nuclear weapons” to be in a position to meet the challenge of India’s rapid deployment forces with a series of limited nuclear strikes and then rely on international pressure to restrain India from escalating the confrontation into a full blown nuclear conflict. and China, in particular, and world opinion in general, to restrain India from attacking Pakistan. He certifies that the Pakistan Army’s Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) sponsors, organises, trains and funds terror outfits operating from its soil such as the Lashkar-e-Taiba, al-Qaida, Lashkar-e-Omar, Jaish-e-Mohammed, Sipah-e-Sahaba, the Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF), Jamaat-ud-Da’wah, Harkat-ud-Jihad al-Islami, the Haqqani Network, Jamaat-ud-Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB) and the Afghan Taliban, and uses them as proxies for its covert military operations.Īccording to Micallef, since 1990, Pakistan’s military strategy has followed a three-fold approach (1) use militant proxy organizations to strike at Indian military positions in Kashmir (2) rely on the threat to deploy nuclear weapons should India try to retaliate with a military invasion of Pakistan and (3) rely on the U.S. Micallef mentions that since the late 1980s, Pakistan has used a variety of militant organisations as proxies in its ongoing struggle with India over Kashmir and elsewhere. Pakistan is adding enough HEU and plutonium to its stockpile to produce around 10 to 20 additional bombs a year.” This would raise the Pakistani nuclear arsenal to between 350 and 450 nuclear warheads. This number could be higher if Pakistan opts for smaller warheads intended for battlefield weapons. As of the end of 2017, Pakistan has enough HEU and plutonium to produce an additional 230 to 290 warheads. ![]() “The current stockpile is enough for an additional 200 to 250 weapons, depending on the warhead’s desired yield. Micallef, cites various intelligence sources to say that Pakistan currently has between 140 and 150 nuclear weapons in its control, but has, it is believed, produced and stockpiled around 3,000 to 4,000 kilograms (6,600 to 8,800 lbs) of weapons grade HEU and about 200 to 300 kilograms (440 to 660 lbs) of plutonium. He also makes a worrying mention of China’s considerable help to Pakistan in supplying “a broad array of missile and nuclear weapons related assistance.” “While the design and construction of a nuclear device is very likely beyond the capabilities of al-Qaida, IS or any other militant jihadist group, the use of radiological dispersal devices, so called dirty bombs, is well within their capability,” he cautions. Khan) network continue to operate clandestinely.Īccording to unconfirmed media reports, as recently as 2014, the Islamic State (IS) reached out to former members of the Khan network for assistance in securing atomic weaponry,” he says. “There continue to be reports, however, that rogue elements of that (A.Q. This is the same technology that Iran had been using in its nuclear weapons program,” Micallef states. “The specially designed centrifuges spin uranium hexafluoride gas at high speeds to increase the concentration of the uranium 235 isotope. Pakistan is also producing highly enriched uranium (HEU), using gas centrifuge enriched uranium. Micallef assesses that Pakistan reportedly has four plutonium production reactors and three plutonium reprocessing plants. ![]() Micallef suggests that what concerns him most is that Pakistan continues to engage in a nuclear arms build-up, which it has been doing clandestinely and illicitly for the past 48 years, and that these arms could be accessed by rogue elements, both in Pakistan and abroad.īetween 19, Islamabad has been developing its own nuclear arsenal, “both plutonium and enriched uranium-based weapons.” “The military intervention by the United States and its allies to defeat the Taliban in Afghanistan, and the role of both India and Pakistan in that conflict, have added a further layer of complexity between the two countries,” Micallef maintains. ![]() He says this conflict between Pakistan and India must be seen in a larger context, i.e., expanded to a “larger rivalry between China and India in Asia and the Indian Ocean basin.” “They have also led to a significant deterioration” in bilateral ties between Pakistan and the United States, he adds. FBI director visits NIA HQs, highlights need to take partnership to next level to counter terrorism |
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